Sugar gliders life expectancy. In their native Australian habitat, if they can stay safe from predators and survive possible habitat loss, sugar gliders have a life expectancy of 10-12 years. Sugar gliders life expectancy

 
 In their native Australian habitat, if they can stay safe from predators and survive possible habitat loss, sugar gliders have a life expectancy of 10-12 yearsSugar gliders life expectancy  Mortality by predators such as owls, snakes and raccoons is common

They also have roughly the same intelligence as a dog, in that when trained. 8-15 years. The leading cause of death in captive sugar gliders is drowning. They Are Expensive to Purchase and Care for. dottiec Starting Member 1 Posts . Stone-fish Lories & Lorikeets Blacktip Reef Shark Giant Grouper Eagle Ray Sugar Gliders Burmese Python Red-bellied Pacu Overview. Sugar Gliders (Petaurus brevicep) are native to Southern, Eastern and Northern Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia. Sugar gliders enjoy playing with bird toys such as swings, perches, ladders, and bells. Jan 01 2013. This will ensure that you can give your pet everything they need to live a happy and healthy life. Sugar gliders are squirrel-sized arboreal marsupials that inhabit the forests of Australia and New Guinea. Precautions such as always keeping toilet lids closed and never leaving standing water uncovered (such as a bucket or fish tank) are necessities in helping your glider achieve the life expectancy of 12-15 years. Sugar glider cages should be as large as possible for the space available. LIFE SPAN: 5-8 years: TEMPERATURE: 100. 1 individuals per hectare. Sugar gliders are extremely social animals. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. These nocturnal creatures have a membrane between their limbs that allows them to leap and "glide" long spans. Life expectancy for sugar gliders varies based on whether they are in the wild or captivity. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. They get their name because of their preference for sweet foods and have a gliding membrane (called the patagium) similar to that of a flying squirrel. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Sugar gliders are very active and playful, and love to explore their surroundings. The best available sugar gliders for sale in 2022/2023. Is this long lif. In their natural habitat, sugar gliders generally have a lifespan of 3 to 9 years. ” (2) Other sites will tell you they are more difficult pets to own. The wild varieties of this marsupial do not live very long but the life span of pet sugar gliders can be increased by providing adequate care and nutrition. Feature Facts. The breed is tiny but hardy and is one of the healthiest dog breeds. Sugar gliders also enjoy solid exercise wheels orI have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. Now Let’s Jump on To the 10 Interesting Sugar Glider Facts 1. If you are looking for average sugar glider life expectancy you’ve come to the right place. Typical Life Expectancy Wild populations: 4 to 5 years Managed care: long-lived; no AZA estimates. In the wild their life expectancy is 4-6 years. Highest mortality in first 12 to 15 months of life, when dispersing from natal group (Suckling 1984; Quin 1995; Jackson 2015b) Preyed on by birds, large lizards, and. 6. What is their life expectancy? With proper diet and care, sugar gliders CAN live up to 12 to 15 years. Sugar gliders kept in poor conditions for their entire lives have a life expectancy that is significantly lower than the average of between five and eight years. . Sugar gliders nest in groups of up to seven adult males and females and their young, probably all related and descended from an original colonizing pair. How do I supply their water? Water should ALWAYS be available for your glider to drink. No, sugar gliders cannot live alone. . Meal worms are their favourites!Basic facts about Mahogany Glider: lifespan, distribution and habitat map, lifestyle and social behavior, mating habits, diet and nutrition, population size and status. In captivity 5-8, however they have been know up to 10 years, the oldest known animal lived to 14 years. Now I have three pets, my civet Jan and Jon and Sugar Glider Sky. . I know little about the care or anything else on these precious babies. 6–3. In the wild, their average lifespan ranges from 10-12 years with their geriatric period starting from 5-7 years of age. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Make sure toys are well assembled and do not have small pieces that can be pulled off and swallowed. If they want to. The sugar gliders kept in captivity as exotic pets were once thought to be the same species as the ones found in Australia, but are now assumed to be a separate species which is being called the Krefft’s glider;. It’s essential to discuss diets with. Sugar gliders typically cost between $200 and $400, depending on the breeder, age and gender. Weight: From less than an ounce to over 20 pounds. CONGRATULATIONS on your new pet sugar glider! Sugar Glider are unique small pets. ANIMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY . Weight, males 115-160g and females 95-135g. Their habitat should also be. g oz . They are social creatures that need companionship and interaction to be happy and healthy. They are about the size of a large hamster. Is this long lif. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. They get most of the water they need from the sap and nectar they eat, and from the occasional insect or small vertebrate they may catch. Sugar gliders also enjoy solid exercise wheels or exercise balls. Male sugar gliders typically weigh 100-160 grams and adult females weigh between 80-130 grams. Sugar gliders and flying squirrels can't be potty trained, so they relieve. This is an Alert Here at Tamed Exotics we offer sugar gliders for sale. Is this long lif. Fuzzy family life. Life Expectancy. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. As newborns, sugar gliders depend on heat generated by their. Explore the intriguing Sugar Glider Lifespan In Wild VS Captivity Longevity Facts. If youre interested in bringing a sugar glider into your home, make sure youre ready to care for their sensitive needs. 90 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Sugar gliders For Rehoming Near Me: sugar gliders life span sugar glider age. Careful consideration must be taken before getting a sugar glider for your kid. LiveSugar gliders are incredibly high-maintenance pets with complex needs and a long life span. Sugar Gliders are nest animals that require a safe place to sleep or nap, preferably one that is quite, dark, and warm. Courtesy of Dr. They Are Clean. Feeds on. What is a sugar gliders life cycle? There are markers of sexual maturity that appear as early as 3-4 months of age. Was this step helpful? Yes | No| I need help. A vital aspect of care taking involves protecting this rare species from. Is this long lif. . An adult Sugar Glider is very tiny, they will weigh between 4 to 5 oz, and grow to 13″ long and can live up to 15 years. In many of these cases, it is a result of poor nutrition. Behavior Traits of Sugar Gliders. . I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. List of the Pros of Having a Sugar Glider as a Pet. 5-6 years. Sugar Gliders are from Australia, Indonesia and New Guinea. This and their long life span of 15 years can make them good companion animals. Quick Answer: How Far Can Sugar Ants Travel;To thrive, sugar gliders will need protein, fruits, veggies, and calcium. They can live for nearly 10 years in captivity. Sugar gliders are social animals that require daily interaction and stimulation to thrive. 3. In the wild, sugar gliders can live up to 9 years. The easiest one is to look at the size and weight of the animal. The average sugar glider lifespan is 3 to 9 years in the. . Sexual maturity varies but is generally reached by 8-12 months of age in females and 12-15 months in males. Apart from that, they are both nocturnal and live in trees. Life Span in captivity: Sugar Gliders will live for 10-15 years if they are cared for properly. It is estimated that the cost of owning a sugar glider for the entirety of its life may be between $7000-$10 000, although this amount will vary depending on certain factors. They have gray fur with a black dorsal stripe, a long black prehensile tail with a white tip and a pale cream colored bottom. In their natural environment, almost every female has at. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Longevity has been the subject of many research studies in many different species. Cost of one sugar glider: $100 – $600 USD. They are nocturnal marsupials which means they sleep during the day and have their babies in pouches. Family: Petauridae . Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. The taller the cage, the better, because sugar gliders love to climb. Because sugar gliders do not require veterinary care, they are one of the most cost-effective pets. It is recommended that you use diluted bleach or vinegar to clean the cage. However, when provided with proper care and a suitable environment in captivity, they can live for 10 to 15 years. 0°F (38-40°C) PULSE: 180-250 beats per minute:. . gerbils, ferrets, squirrels, etc. Animal Life Expectancy. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Life Span. Their small size, gentle temperament, longer life span, and entertaining acrobatics are just. After a gestation period of around 16 days, the female gives birth to one or two joeys, who each weigh around 7 thousandths (. If a sugar glider is extremely fearful (fleeing, hiding, and biting when approached), it is best to leave them in a. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. A pair of gliders can cost. In the wild Sugar Glider live 4 to 6 years. They need a lot of room to climb. They’re called “sugar gliders” for a reason. Jan 01 2013. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. They’ll start declining before that, though, as dehydration may set in after only a few hours. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. 08:28:04 PM. Factors that influence their lifespan include nutrition, temperature, the environment, and their health. . On Feeding Sugar Gliders Cat Food By Lisa. Cell Metabolism , 2020; DOI: 10. There are a few ways to tell the age of a sugar glider. The life expectancy of Sugar Gliders greatly depends on how much care they receive. com. ANIMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY . They can't be left unattended, and the owner has to give enough care and constant love and. In captivity with good care, large housing, proper diet, companionship and medical care they can live 10 to 15 years!. . Sugar gliders don’t even smell. Sugar gliders need a lot of energy, and a poor diet can lead to health problems. Wire mesh or metallic bars must be used inside the cage, and that they need to be close enough that your small glider can’t get through. Sugar gliders have a long life span. 4 lb (1-2 kg) and the average female weighing 1. Sugar gliders have multiple litters a year. Sugar gliders are able to go without water for long periods of time due to their high metabolisms. This gives them an average life expectancy of 9 years. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. They feed partly on nectar and eucalyptus sap and have a flap of skin between wrist and ankles allowing them to glide – hence their name. The squirrel glider has blue-grey or brown-grey fur along its back with white or cream fur on its underside. History . Sugar gliders thrive around 75–90 degrees Fahrenheit and should never be kept in environments lower than 70 degrees Fahrenheit—even at night. The lifespan of a sugar glider in the wild is usually around 10 to 12 years. Cover with aluminum foil and let stand at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes. Sugar gliders love fresh, sweet fruit. The Sugar Gliders' life span of 10-12 years can become much shorter. Longevity has been the subject of many research studies in many different species. The average lifespan of a sugar glider is 5-7 years in the wild and up to 12-15 years in captivity with proper care. Wild - 4 to 6 years; Captivity-10 to 12 years and longer (if cared for properly) Sugar Gliders in Captivity/As. What is a sugar glider? Sugar gliders are small, omnivorous, arboreal, nocturnal, gliding possums belonging to the marsupial infraclass. Sugar gliders nest in groups of up to seven adult males and females and their young, probably all related and descended from an original colonizing pair. Life Span. Your location will be helpful for potential. Please note that it will need a calcium supplement. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. I have a friend she got a sugar glider when it was 9 weeks old and it only lived to be a 1 1/2 old how old is your alls my oldest one is almost a year. However, when they are kept as pets, this lifespan can vary greatly; much of this will depend on the care. These gliders live their whole life in trees. Weight, 900-1700 grams. Northern flying squirrels, for instance, can live for nearly 4 years in the wild. So, if you really decided to become sugar glider’s owner, make sure you do that on the right reason – to help and love them, not. They are fastidious self-groomers and keep their fur clean with dust baths and licking. Sea otter. 75-12in) long. What kind of medical issues they have, and how long their life span is both in captivity and in the wild. Diet . Selamectin also has been used to treat ectoparasites on sugar gliders. Although reasonably easy to care for, sugar gliders require more time than most small caged mammals, and have some specialized needs. They are highly social, living in small colonies or family groups numbering up to seven adults and their offspring. cm inch. Food Addiction. The average life span is 10-12 years; sugar gliders are considered geriatric pets at 5-7 years of age (compared to. Is this long lif. Male sugar gliders reach sexual maturity at 12-15 months out of pouch, and females at 8-12 months out of pouch. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. . Apr 11 2009. Female sugar gliders can breed when they’re 7 to 10 months old. . A sugar glider’s cage should be as large as possible, the taller the better. The average life span of a Sugar Bear is around 12 to 15 years. Diet and Life Span. Phys­i­cal De­scrip­tion. Both male and female sugar gliders make excellent pets, with a life span of ten to twelve years, sometimes longer. Sugar Glider and flying squirrel projects vary greatly in price from home to home and business to business because all structures and situations are unique. Dark patches of fur around the ears and eyes are also common. 20 Interesting Facts About Sugar Gliders For Kids: The sugar glider is related to possums, not flying squirrels. Sugar Glider Celtic Symbolism. 6. 310-500. Sugar gliders are not permitted in Alaska, California, or Hawaii. LIFE SPAN: 10 - 14 years . They are known for their sociable behavior. Joeys should be adopted at 7-12 weeks out of the pouch. g oz . Wild Sugar Gliders have brownish-grey fur, large eyes, long tails, and a large flap of skin between their legs. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Although reasonably easy to care for, sugar gliders require more time than most small caged mammals, and have some specialized needs. 3 - 7. . Don’t clean the cage with the glider still inside. . In captivity, sugar gliders must eat the daily equivalent of 15 to 20 percent of their body weight. 1 year old male sugar glider named Ivan super cute abd sweet. If they are well cared for, this may be even longer when kept as a pet. 10:34:42 PM. This type of diet enables your Sugar Gliders to breed easier. Sugar Glider Care. Caging: Due to their extremely active nature, sugar gliders should have the largest cage possible. Yes, Sugar Gliders can sort of live without food as long as they have access to water. Life span and size-When cared for properly, their lifespan is typically 12 to 15 years. . Long-lived (Weigl 2005; Nowak 2018a) No AZA estimates; Mortality and Health. 24-30. How long does a sugar glider live for? The lifespan of a sugar glider ranges drastically from 6 to 15 years of age. You should never give your sugar glider. Now Let’s Jump on To the 10 Interesting Sugar Glider Facts 1. If not treated accordingly, it can become a life-threatening condition. Monitoring a diabetic dog’s quality of life is extremely important. One source says the sugar glider is a great pet to own because they only need yearly veterinarian care: “A sugar glider does not need vaccinations. Article Sources. There are many different things that you can feed sugar gliders to give them what they need to stay healthy. Body measurements: Head-body length, 350-460 mm. Ferrets are about 18” (45 cm) in length. In the wild, however, 4 to 6 years is the usual life expectancy. It also feeds on tree sap, mainly eucalyptus or red bloodwood trees. Besides in the states of Alaska, California and Idaho, Sugar Bears can legally be kept as house pets. Males reach sexual maturity a little later, when they’re just over a year. Behavior Traits of Sugar Gliders. A dark stripe runs down the back from the pos. Sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) are nocturnal, omnivorous, arboreal marsupials that feed on a variety of plant and insect exudates and arthropods, with natural diet dependent on habitat characteristics and season. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. But they do require frequent handling to keep them tame, along with ample space for exercise. How to soften white sugar: White sugar will become hard if it absorbs moisture, so to soften it again you can place it in a 150°F oven for 15 minutes then break it up with a spoon. cmet. Sugar gliders ( Petaurus breviceps) are small, nocturnal marsupials native to Australia, Indonesia, and New Guinea that live in eucalyptus and acacia forests. However, the average life span of a pet sugar glider is only 8 years. The average lifespan of a sugar glider ranger from 5-15 years. The average sugar glider will live 12-15 years with proper husbandry (care) and veterinary care. Diet and Life Span. Should you happen to notice yours is expecting, be sure to keep her comfortable, well-fed, and watered. Is this long lif. Spread over the tops using a spatula some of the mixture will pool at the base of the rolls. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. 190-300. 1/3 consists of a small number of insects (every other day), a calcium-based multivitamin, and a variety of fresh. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. The squirrel glider eats mostly fruit and insects. If their owner provides optimal care then the Sugar Glider can live for 7 years or. The male will mate with anyone at hand. If you are considering adding a sugar glider to your family, it is important that you do some research before bringing one home. Sugar gliders are social animals that normally live in groups of five to twelve. Make sure your glider(s) knows how to use a water bottle with straw before. 1. 01 Scientific Name: Petaurus breviceps. Sugar glider cages should be 36 inches tall, 24 inches wide, and 24 inches deep (12 cubic feet of interior space). . That’s a significant difference, right? The lifespan of this animal depends on its living conditions. The way to tell if a sugar glider is healthy is by looking at their tail, ears, eyes, nose, and teeth. Life Span. ′. 4. In captivity, they live an average of 10 years. Minimum cage size for 1-2 adult gliders is 36 X 24 X 48 inches. 13 Do sugar gliders have a long life expectancy? 9. Older sugar gliders will be cheaper, as they are less popular and harder to train, while younger sugar gliders will be a bit more expensive. Adult sugar gliders are usually 5-6 inches tall, with a tail of equal length. The average lifespan of a sugar glider is 5-7 years in the wild and up to 12-15 years in captivity with proper care. Its average life span is about 5-7 years for male and female sugar gliders. . During these congregations, Squirrel gliders typically exceed their relatives in amount. In the wild, males generally weigh between 115 and 160 grams and females between 95 and 135 grams. Sugar gliders should not be fed insects or worms collected and brought in from outside, which may be contaminated with pesticides, apple seeds or fruit pits. Along with other related topics like: Sugar glider lifespan in captivity, Sugar glider lifespan wild, Sugar glider for sale, Sugar glider life cycle, How. The savanna glider lives in the woodland. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. That said, Chihuahuas can develop health issues, like heart disease and patellar luxation, throughout their long life. GliderGossip Sugar Gliders Life span: Life span. 1991. What is the life expectancy of a sugar glider in the wild? Updated: 11/13/2022. Adults are generally 6 to 8 inches in length and weigh between 4 and 6 ounces. com In the sugar glider, biparental care allows one adult to huddle with the young and prevent hypothermia while the other parent is out foraging, as young sugar gliders aren't able to thermoregulate until they are 100 days old (3. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Photos with Squirrel Glider Distribution Geography ContinentsFemale sugar gliders can breed when they’re 7 to 10 months old. Life Span 4 to 6 years in wild Range Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and neighboring islands of Indonesia Habitat Arboreal species, inhabits forests Population. i know most places say that glider life expectancy is 10-15 years. What factors affect sugar glider lifespan? Various factors, such as diet and. 8. We hope our pets will exceed the average life span, but many of us have lost pets prematurely, in spite of our own best efforts and doing everything right. Such as png, jpg, animated gifs, pic art, logo, black and white, transparent. Is this long lif. 08:28:04 PM. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. 8 years. Caring for sugar gliders Sugar gliders are nocturnal creatures which means they are most active during night time. Yes, they are a good deal of work for such a little creature. Veterinary doctor Rick Axelson reckons the little furry animals have an average lifespan of between ten to twelve years (2). They can't be left unattended, and the owner has to give enough care and constant love and. The oldest reported sugar glider lived to almost 18 years old. g oz. A dark stripe runs from the centre of the head down to the middle of the back. See full list on thesprucepets. The Source for all Your Sugar Glider Needs. Sugar glid­ers are gen­er­ally blue-grey­ish dor­sally while. . 1-11. . Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. OUR DATA: We use the most recent data from these primary sources: AnAge, UMICH, Max Planck, PanTHERIA, Arkive, UKC, AKC. I am new at Sugar Gliders, a woman surrendered 5 gliders to my rescue. To answer this and provide a comprehensive understanding of their lifespan, let’s. Gliding possum. 9. The adorable and sociable sugar glider is a native of Australia and Indonesia. Male sugar glider for sale. On the other hand, sugar gliders living in captivity have a longer. Joeys have a higher mortality rate than adults due to their fragile nature and developing immune systems. Wiki User. But they are mostly considered geriatric or old from age 5-7. Study now. The cost for sugar gliders can vary widely depending on their age, colors and patterns. Article Sources. Housing. The charming sugar glider has quickly become a popular household pet in the United States. One of the smallest marsupial gliders; Common name refers to this animal’s preference for sweet foods; Flexible skin membrane between wrist and ankle for gliding; Fur texture increases lift and aids gliding If properly cared for, sugar gliders have a life expectancy of between 15 and 25 years. Lifespans of captive sugar gliders depend significantly on how they are cared for. 1:04 Sugar Glider Australia's sugar gliders can "fly" about 165 feet. LiveSugar gliders are small arboreal marsupials that live in colonies of up to 12 animals with a dominant male. Apr 11 2009. In their natural environment, almost every female has at. The longest lifespan recorded is 17. Sugar gliders can live up to 15 years in captivity, but the average life expectancy is 8-10 years. Life expectancy for sugar gliders varies based on whether they are in the wild or captivity. 016 Cite This Page : There are differences between the life expectancy of wild sugar gliders and pet sugar gliders, though. Sugar gliders can go a decently long time without food. 23-28. Bonding with their owners is important, but they also need other animals to interact with. Sugar gliders need a good deal of care: large, wide-open enclosures, a special diet, and toys to keep them occupied especially at night because they're nocturnal. Second, sugar gliders are very social animals and need to be around other sugar gliders or they will become stressed and depressed. Sugar Gliders Live a Long Time. As a sugar glider he will absolutely need a friend to be social with in order to be a happy healthy glider. Is this long lif. I have read that the life expectancy of a sugar glider in captivity can be from 10-12 years or longer - I have read in several places 10-15 years. Sugar gliders need to be treated with love, respect and gentleness. Bake in the preheated oven until cheese has melted, about 20 minutes. Both Cutler and Tower said they had been to the woman’s house in Hatfield where the 2020 surrender of 44. Sugar gliders may survive in the wild for 3 to 9 years. We’d love to have some. Yet having perused many of the threads here on GC, it seems that most of the gliders that pass away are much younger than that. Common Name: Sugar glider . . Sugar gliders are not permitted in Alaska, California, or Hawaii. In order to maximize their life expectancy, it is important to provide them with proper nutrition, exercise, and mental stimulation. They were not many popular pets in India before, but they are now gaining popularity. GliderGossip Sugar Gliders life expectancy: life expectancy. Sugar gliders have a life expectancy from 10–15 years, so they are a long-term commitment. The price of individual sugar gliders can vary greatly, mainly depending on their age. Nutrition, temperature, the environment, and their health are all factors that determine their longevity. With proper care and nutrition, sugar gliders in captivity have a life expectancy of 12-15 years. Sugar gliders are small, arboreal marsupials native to Australia and. Weight: From less than an ounce to over 20 pounds. . 0-104. They Are Expensive to Purchase and Care for. 1. Sugar glid­ers are gen­er­ally blue-grey­ish dor­sally while their ven­tral sur­faces are some­what paler. LIFE SPAN: 4 - 6 years . . Adorable Sugar Glider Compilation 2020 | Sugar Glider as Pets Videos Compilation | Animals Videos. In the wild, most sugar gliders are expected to live for nine years. Some gliders can survive on such diets but they have less energy, increased health risks, decreased life span, and the most visible sign of an.